What Are the Causes of Lumbar Degenerative Disk Disease

Image by Orthopedic & Sport Medicine Center of Oregon

Lumbar degenerative disk disease is a condition that affects the lower back, or lumbar spine. It occurs when the disks between the vertebrae, which act as shock absorbers and help the spine move, wear down over time. This can cause pain, stiffness, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the lower back, buttocks, and legs.

The causes of lumbar degenerative disk disease are not fully understood, but some factors that may contribute to it are:

1. Aging: As people get older, the disks lose water and become thinner, less flexible, and more prone to tearing or cracking.
2. Injury: Trauma to the spine, such as from a fall, accident, or sports, can damage the disks and cause inflammation and pain.
3. Genetics: Some people may inherit a tendency to have weaker or more fragile disks.
4. Lifestyle: Smoking, obesity, poor posture, and lack of exercise can affect the health and function of the disks.

The treatments for lumbar degenerative disk disease depend on the severity of the symptoms and the impact on the quality of life. Some of the common treatments are:

1. Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or naproxen, can reduce pain and inflammation. Other pain relievers, such as acetaminophen, may also help. In some cases, steroids, muscle relaxants, or opioids may be prescribed.
2. Physical therapy: A physical therapist can teach exercises and stretches that can strengthen the muscles that support the spine, improve flexibility and posture, and relieve pressure on the nerves. Physical therapy can also include heat, ice, massage, ultrasound, or electrical stimulation to ease pain and spasms.
3. Injections: A doctor may inject corticosteroids, anesthetics, or other substances into the affected area to reduce inflammation and pain. These injections are usually temporary and may need to be repeated.
4. Surgery: If conservative treatments fail to provide adequate relief, surgery may be an option. Surgery can involve removing part or all of the damaged disk, fusing two or more vertebrae together, or replacing the disk with an artificial one. Surgery can have risks and complications, and may not always be effective.

Lumbar degenerative disk disease can be a challenging condition to live with, but with proper diagnosis and treatment, many people can manage their symptoms and improve their function and well-being. If you have persistent or severe lower back pain, you should consult your doctor for a proper evaluation and treatment plan.

Sources:

1. Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.). Degenerative disk disease: Causes, symptoms & treatment [Blog post]. Retrieved from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16912-degenerative-disk-disease
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